“In structurally oriented classrooms influenced by
audiolingual principles, language is
conceptualized primarily as a system of habits to
be formed through pattern drills, repetition, and
controlled manipulation of grammatical structures,
with minimal emphasis on spontaneous
interaction.” (Excerpt adapted from: Richards &
Rodgers [2001]. Approaches and Methods in
Language Teaching)
The pedagogical orientation most accurately
characterized in the excerpt corresponds to: